A. Cos men had sought shelter. Sharks were about the only thing the blacks feared in the water. The edges of the space were raised about nine inches. With equal reverence the [women] looked upon the small wood-pecker hailing his appearance with delight as presaging good fortune while he lingered in the vicinity, busy with his sharp strong bill seeking grubs under the bark of the trees. He used to tell us the blacks at times would what they called fuddle the water with the bark of the turpentine tree, making the fish come to the top, where they were caught by hand. All rights reserved. The [deceaseds] father and mother stayed for some days by the grave, making the top of it their bed; the mother never left it for some days after, and was found dead by a relation at the place, the cause being undoubtedly grief. He had two wives, to both of whom he was most kind. The Chief Justice recommended the prisoner to the Sheriffs humane attention. One of the men would then sound a bull-roarer just after dark in the vicinity of the camp, and next morning everyone would pack up and proceed by easy stages towards the appointed tryst, dances and songs being indulged in at night at each of the stages along their route. The headmen and young fellows who accompany them, are also a little way behind the novices, shouting and making a great noise as they march along. A beautiful clear, cold day. At Dungog a figure of sixty per cent is given. Tiddalik: The Little Green Frog That Grew, Activities for language engagement and appreciation. L. E. Threlkeld. In a new document, Filling A Void, the heritage office says there is no record of the word Guringai or any of its derivatives, including Ku-ring-gai, in any of the early accounts of the colony after white settlement and no hint that the Aborigines of the northern beaches or any other part of Sydney had ever heard the word. The Australian Museums Egyptian Collection includes over one thousand objects and is one of the largest public collections of Egyptian antiquities in Australia. The rough, outside bark, the exterior of the canoe, would be care fully trimmed away with the blade of a tomahawk until the surface was smooth and clean. They also believed that the koradji were possessed of wonderful supernatural powers and besides bringing disaster to others could affect cures of all manner of ills among theIr own tribe. About this fire, and in lines radiating from the centre like spokes of a wheel, were a number of naked blacks, their heads bowed to the earth. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Fri 29 Dec 1905 Page 1 Scraps of Early History, About 8 miles up the Kerripit River from Rawden Vale one comes out what were known to an older generation as McKenzies Cliffs, in places 200 feet above the river and some two or three hundred yards from the top of these cliffs a beautiful and magnificent view meets the eye, seemingly almost underneath this the clear country of Teragie, while in the far distance one gets a glimpse of Upper Cobark and all around the rugged jumble of mountains. Figure 4: Richard Browne (17711824). Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Fri 6 June 1919 Page 2 Our Earliest Inhabitants. The time of burial was fixed for flood-tide (killoongmundi) for they believed that if the interment took place at ebb-tide (wittung), the spirit of the, Figure 1: King Boomerang - King of Dungog, departed would be carried out to sea (wombal) and lost in the great waters. [8], Media related to Hunter Valley at Wikimedia Commons. A. This seemed to conclude one de- finite part of the ceremonies, for the women were not permitted to witness what followed. Marsupials were in abundance among the ridges and on the flat lands; there were birds In the trees and on the swamps. Good temper pervaded their whole conduct, and it was hard to put any of them out of countenance. It was the kinship group that moved within various allotted areas of Wonnarua lands in search of food, and it was only occasionally that these groups would meet to discuss important matters concerning the Wonnarua people as a whole. . A third, holding a green branch, stood at the side calling out the names of everyone of whom he could apparently think, at the same time lightly striking the coffin with the wand. The PCWP has askedfederal Environment Minister Sussan Ley to use Aboriginal heritage laws to protect the countryside around Ravensworth from further mining. When this painting is completed, two of the men go ahead by themselves, each of them carrying one or two boomerangs in his belt and one in his hand; in the other hand he carries a small bough ready for use by and bye. It was as pretty a place as I know of anywhere. Learn more about this lands First Nations peoples and cultures. The blacks murdered all Nolans shepherds, and to deal with them a detachment of soldiers was sent up from Sydney. address By scratches on the bark and other signs not comprehensible to a white person, they would select the forest giant in which the little animal had made his home. Wonnarua Nation Aboriginal Corporation chief executive Laurie Perry said there were "tit-for-tat skirmishes" on the land, but "there was no massacre on the site or recorded massacre on the site". Company first established itself on the shores of the harbor. The fight then began. The Wonnarua Nation Aboriginal Corporation (WNAC) was established in 1999 and represents the Wonnarua people, the traditional land owners of the Hunter Valley of New South Wales (NSW). Sanitation was unknown to the tribe, with most unpleasant consequences when a camp had been established at one spot for some length of time. You can also try the grid of 16 letters. Conclusion.-The following day, the strange tribes begin to disperse, and start away on their return journey to the districts from which they have come. singleton-h.school@det.nsw.edu.au. Evening News (Sydney, NSW : 1869 - 1931) Sat 24 Aug 1895 Page 3 WITH THE BLACKS. The booming noise from the top of the hill was again to be heard, and It seemed to become louder and louder. The women started humming in a low drone. Note the way the dilli-bag is slung. One or more of the tribes who intended, to be present may have been unavoidably detained on the way, and do not reach the main camp until a few days after the novices have been taken away. I saw the trees tattooed and marked for a hundred yards round the ring, but I never saw any ceremonies there. When I approached an old man was digging the grave, which was a most laborious task, the ground being very hard, and the only tools used for the purpose a tomahawk. There followed a quiet space for a little time when suddenly the men returned ( with loud triumphal cries, having in their midst the boys they had supposedly sought. He did not own the land, the land owned him.. This puts the novices in a great state of anxiety and alarm, but they are not allowed to speak or gaze about them. . The recorded history of the Wonnarua begins in the early nineteenth century when the Europeans settled. This station was In the care of 4 or 5 unarmed men (convicts). The bushes which had previously been laid round the fire are now thrown upon it. Other plants indicated by the literature to have been exploited for food in coastal regions include various fruits (Caswell 1841), including a sort of wild plum (Threlkeld in Gunson 1974:55) and the stalk of the water lily (Scott 1929:41; Fawcett 1898:152). describes how a band of blacks stole a child, the daughter of a Mrs. Easterbrook, whose husband was a clerk of the A.A. Company at Stroud. pare the lines. After a great deal of fuss the men announced that they would make an- other attempt to find the poomblts, and to the accompaniment of clashing spears and hoarse shoutings, dashed out into the screen of bushes again. Vinnimmbe (1980:Table 3 ) lists an extensive array of plants occurring around Brisbane Water of which a number are known to have been eaten, and indicates their seasonal avail- ability. Gordon Bennett (reprinted 1964) p9. Each messenger on arriving at his destination would be received in the manner already described, and would hand the bull-roarer to the head-man, who would take charge of it, and the tails would be distributed to the men to whom they had been sent. THE Wonnarua language is more nearly related . Nature appeared to have safeguarded them In her own Inscrutable fashion against most of the ailments that afflict civilised man but she had not prepared them against the diseases that the white man brought in his train. His depictions were not of the Gringai, but the assumption is made that the Gringai shared some of the ways of dress with the Indigenous Browne depicts. This noise is made so that if the string of one of the bull-roarers should break - which sometimes happens - the women would not hear it falling on the ground. After the owner had spent some time in exhibiting his prize, a comrade would calmly approach him and secure possession of it to go through the same performance. Scott identifies the mob at the North Shore of Port Stephens as Gringai, in an area Miller clearly identifies as Worrimi. My fathers name was called first, followed by quite a number of others, when suddenly, on a certain name being mentioned, the bearers of the body lurched forward as though the corpse had moved. By Lauren Hubbard Published: Feb 27, 2023. FamilySearch Terms of Use (Updated 2021-09-27), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. This is done in the following, manner: At the end of a certain time of probation, which is fixed by the headmen, the neophytes, painted and dressed as men of the tribe, are brought to a fire near the mens camp, where there is food ready laid on rugs spread upon the ground. ), http://www.ausanthrop.net/resources/ausanthrop_db/detail.php?id_search=584, "A salvage grammar and wordlist of the language from the Hunter River and Lake Macquarie", http://www.wonnarua.org.au/images/HRLM%20part%201.pdf, http://www.newcastle.edu.au/Resources/Divisions/Academic/Library/Cultural%20Collections/pdf/miller1886.pdf, http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/wonnarua.htm, "Aboriginal associations with the park area", http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkHeritage.aspx?id=N0002, http://www.wonnarua.org.au/images/WNAC%20Strategic%20Plan.pdf, http://www.visitdungog.com.au/areahistory.php, https://sites.google.com/site/amcatmuseum/maitland-history, http://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/discover_collections/people_places/caergwrle/index.html, http://www.tocal.com/homestead/history/overview.htm, Wonnarua Nation Aboriginal Corporation website, Wonnarua Nation Aboriginal Corporation Strategic Plan 20092012, http://www.samuseum.sa.gov.au/page/default.asp?site=2&page=TIN_Tribal&level=3&code=4&item=E5, "Selected bibliography of material on the Wonnarua / Wanaruah language and people held in the AIATSIS Library", http://www.aiatsis.gov.au/library/docs/langbibs/Wonnarua_May08.pdf, http://www.wonnarua.org.au/images/about%20the%20wonnarua%202.pdf, List of Indigenous Australian group names, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wonnarua&oldid=494492741. The mothers of the boys are on the outside, or farthest from the fire, which is composed of pieces of wood and bark, slowly burning within the circle of green bushes which are laid around it. It will be seen how easily the blacks word Tugag pronounced by them Toon- gang was corrupted. The illustration above, Broken Bay [Hawkesbury RIver]Jemmy. Two old men, and two of the elder women, now go inside the ring, of men and boys, and walk round - a man and a woman going one way, and the other man and woman going in the contrary direction. They will remain in custody awaiting your orders respecting them. The waddies. The second, which Mr Bennett seemingly refers to under Captain Reynolds, is apparently that expedition which led up to the encounter on Browns Creek, Wallamba, in which the whites were so decidedly worsted, that the locality of the encounter in question yet bears the name of Waterloo. Lettris In some parts of the tract of country to which the ceremonies herein described apply, one of the front incisor teeth was formerly extracted during the time the novices were away at the keelaybang, but as this custom is not now enforced anywhere From conversations which I have had with very old black fellows, there appear to be some grounds for supposing that the custom was not universally carried out in the districts referred to. The marsupials ran in large mobs, easily driven by the nimble natives to a point where waiting groups could spear them with ease. The removal of Cabeen Paddy [recently mentioned] and Cocky from this quarter has had the desired effect. Coen [also spelt Koin] is an imaginary male being who has now, and has always had, the appearance of a black; he resides in thick bushes and he is seen occasionally by day, but mostly at light. The attack on the home station failed through the attackers mistaking the crack of a bullock whip for a gunshot. Two days prior to this, while in the Jerrys Plains area, Cunningham had noted Exocarpus [Native Cherry] and Sterculia heterophyllus [Kurrajong - NSW Herbarium] appearing in every part of the Forest. They were going to the bora ceremonies. When the men are approaching each tree they throw pieces of stick at it, and dance round it on the clear space referred to, rubbing their hands upon the tree and telling the boys to take particular notice of the marks upon it. Muh! (Now!) The guardians or some of the other men then shout out, as if addressing someone, The boys are here yet! All the men at the goonambang then start towards the kackaroo in single file, march- ing in a meandering course, and shouting as they go. There are indications that yams (Dioscorea transversa) were eaten elsewhere on the coast (Scott l929:4l) and Backhouse (1843:399) noted that in the Raymond Terrace area, in the more fertile spots by the sides of brooks, there was a species of Yam, the root of which was eaten by the Aborigines. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Tue 12 Apr 1910 Page 3 (TO THE EDITOR.). community together, who may be called the Chief Initiator, sends out messengers to all the neighbouring tribes whom it is desired shall be present. A level patch of ground in a convenient part of the camp is cleared and made smooth for dancing on. On the following morning he would accompany the men to the weengarah, or meeting place where they assemble to discuss all such matters as they do not wish the women or uninitiated youths to take part in. The spears were really wonderful weapons; long, slender and graceful, and fashioned with a balance that was amazingly perfect. How they worked out the mathematics of the curve and balance was ever a puzzle to me, as it has been to anthropologists all over the world, but though they always seemed to be making boomerangs, one never heard of any being spoiled or made in such fashion as to prove useless when put to the crucial test. He did not own the land, the land owned him. This appeared to be a signal for the next part of the proceedings, for soon after some two hundred leaping blackfellows appeared over the brow of the hill. The women then assemble at the kweealbang fire, and assist the men to cut bark and bushes, which are laid in a ring round the fire ready for use by and bye. [2], He is said to have two wives, Ganhanbili and Birrangulu,[3] the latter often being identified as an emu, and with whom he has a son Dharramalan. Tho leader, scanning the. 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The keerang and other men who have remained in the camp then muster up all the women, and place them lying down round the fire, a little way outside the ring of bushes before referred to, the women of each tribe being kept in groups by themselves on the side next their own district, and are covered over with rugs and bushes. They will recreate to turn it into a cultural centre that will sustain and strengthen their community and they are pursuing reclamation and recreation of language, material culture, art, family and public history . Swiftly punitive bands were organised to hunt them down. They had their little spots over deep water (and the. necessity no doubt guided their deft hands, for the art of fashioning their weapons was inherited from countless generations who had to pit their wits against Nature in the battle for survival. Wonnarua Nation Strategic Plan 2009-2012 - https://goo.gl/HVVNFo. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Fri 13 Apr 1923 Page 2 The Origin of Dungog. The harden ing was, of course, done by fire later on. For most people, when they see a family tree chart, all they see are interesting pieces of history to help them learn about where someone came from. Island, and on Low Island, near the head of navigation of the Karuah River. Material on this site has different rights, uses, and permissions associated with it. The belief was that the fish would eat this part of the girls finger and would ever, thereafter, be attracted to the rest of the hand from which it had come. Birds and fish, however, were cooked by being plastered with mud and placed amid hot coals or in a hole packed with heated stones. They never smiled nor did they ever applaud. All the people from Dingadee side crossed over it when the river was up, for groceries, mail, etc. Family tree diagrams have the same basic design. When the prongs were properly fashioned and barbed, the head would be fitted to the shaft with fibre cord and gum from the grass tree. The Grengai tribe were possessed of a wonderful marriage law, which prevented relations from marrying, and this law extends to Queensland. They were a happy lot, the children, tumbling about with little regard to cleanliness as we knew it, and as healthy as could be. As part of the ceremonies, the aspirants undergo the ordeal of having an upper front tooth either bitten off or knocked out with a stick prepared for the occasion. At the goonambang, spirit world and tribal world united in what was probably the deepest religious experience a Koori male would ever have. sunrise, one of the headmen pretends to see a large brown squirrel [possum] going into a hole in a tree growing near the camp, and asks one of the men to catch it. Whirling the stick with amazing speed its hardened point would emerge from the pith, spilling a fiery dust that dropped on a little heap of soft, fine bark placed to catch it. Macarty then took the whites and put us across the creek where the dam now is. These quartz crystals are believed to be the excrement of [Ko-en]. A. The boomerang, a weapon universal throughout Australia among aboriginal tribes, naturally held a prominent place In the communal arsenal. From this circle, the yuppang (pathway) stretched 550 paces to the goonambang (excrement place). There I. saw a large fire burning in the centre of a cleared oval space. Bring to life your familys history by exploring the lives of those that came before you. from 1820 to 1921 by A.N. The old men stretched themselves out on the ground and howled dreadfully. This was carefully secured, taken out into the bay, and, with great solemnity, committed to the deep. On perceiving these Billy flatly re- fused to accompany us. [2] However, it has also been claimed that the language of the Wonnarua people is more closely linked to the Darkinjung language. They played at warlike games with spear and boomerang, fashioned for their own youthful and harmless purpose, They could swim almost as soon as they could walk. It focuses on nurturing the history and culture of the Wonnarua Nation, improving the health and education of its members and managing investments to sustain the Corporation's work. This left a white, flax- like fibre, very tough and strong. . . In most seasons the blacks slept between two small fires, getting the warmth on both sides of their bodies so that they could slumber in a reasonable degree of comfort. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Tue 15 Apr 1919 Page 5 BURNT GULLY CORROBOREE. % A curious practice obtained among these tribes, that of flattening the childrens nose by the mother to improve its appearance. Hall and the soldiers were, I sent him a note to desire him to meet us at Hendersons to-night, unless he had correct information elsewhere. Illustration from Notes on the Aborigines of New South Wales - Plate 9 Bull-roarers used by the Australian Aborigines source: Wikicommons. The novices and guardians occupy a central position, and the rest of the men camp under the remainder of the shelter, in both directions. [8] See also [ edit] One woman of each small tribe was usually dedicated this way, and to her was entrusted the task ct fashioning the fishing lines, the virtues accruing from her innate powers over fish being of course communicated to the lines she made. Eighty years have elapsed since that tragic story was enacted, and only a fragmentary history remains of .it to-day. I have seen it. In an article The Kattang, (kutthung) or Worimi: An Aboriginal Tribe by W. J Enright March 1932 Mankind p. 76) [Enright states]. 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