Collectively, they are known as Lao Soung or highland Laotians. Pakse. Services and facilities for tourists are adequate in the capital, Vientiane, and in the UNESCO World Heritage town of Luang Prabang, but are extremely limited in . Subsistence agriculture still accounts for half of the GDP and provides 80% of employment. There are two plateaux, the Xiangkhoang in the north and the Bolaven Plateau at the southern end. Sticky rice is a staple food and has cultural and religious significance to the Lao people. [119] The economy receives development aid from the International Monetary Fund, Asian Development Bank, and other international sources; and also foreign direct investment for development of the society, industry, hydropower and mining (most notably of copper and gold). Vientiane authorities have pledged to carry out 30 large-scale development projects from now until 2025 in a bid to accelerate the Lao capital's economic growth. History of Laos. [171], As of 2018, Laos has three theatres dedicated to showing films.[172]. There are many traditions and rituals associated with rice production in different environments and among many ethnic groups. These include the Presidential Palace and the National Assembly of Laos. [104] Later reports have contradicted this, claiming they were sentenced to 20 years in prison. This tourist attraction still holds more than 10 thousand Buddha statues, large and small. [87], Lending further support to earlier claims that the government of Laos was persecuting the Hmong, filmmaker Rebecca Sommer documented first-hand accounts in her documentary, Hunted Like Animals,[88] and in a comprehensive report that includes summaries of refugee claims and was submitted to the UN in May 2006. Vientiane is the largest city with an area of 3,920km and the most populous in Laos with a population of 562,244. [1] These earliest human migrants are Australo-Melanesians associated with the Hoabinhian cultureand have populated the highlands . [39] Laos never held any importance for France[40] other than as a buffer state between Thailand and the more economically important Annam and Tonkin. It is a political term that includes the non-ethnic Lao groups within Laos and identifies them as "Laotian" because of their political citizenship. Biggest Cities In Laos Vientiane . As a result, newly elected US president John F. Kennedy authorized the recruitment of ethnic minorities in Laos to participate in covert military operations against the spread of communism. Pr-histria. [28], Laos traces its history to the kingdom of Lan Xang ('million elephants'), which was founded in the 13th century by a Lao prince, Fa Ngum,[29]:223 whose father had his family exiled from the Khmer Empire. Laos was then dependent on military and economic aid from the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991. [141] Laos's progress is notable in comparison to similar developing countries. Major religion Buddhism. Its thickly forested landscape consists mostly of rugged mountains, the highest of which is Phou Bia at 2,818 metres (9,245ft), with some plains and plateaus. [citation needed], Laos's emergence from international isolation has been marked through improved and expanded relations with other countries including Russia, China, Thailand, Australia, Germany, Italy, Japan and Switzerland. Vientiane, Laos might seem sleepy and languid by Southeast Asia standards, but the Lao PDR capital might surprise you with its diversity of cuisine, quirky sights, friendly locals, and infectious sabai-sabai attitude. However, as of 2018, there are approximately 1.9million of Lao's population who could not access an improved water supply and 2.4million people without access to improved sanitation. Getty Images offers exclusive rights-ready and premium royalty-free analog, HD, and 4K video of the highest quality. [74] Their Russian-built Antonov AN 74-300 with 20 people on board crashed in Xiangkhouang Province. Browse 13,220 laos capital stock photos and images available, or search for laos culture or thailand to find more great stock photos and pictures. More than 540 mineral deposits of gold, copper, zinc, lead and other minerals have been identified, explored and mined. As a low-income country, Laos faces a brain-drain problem as many educated people migrate to developed countries. The Pathet Lao were backed militarily by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Viet Cong. [65] Provinces are further divided into districts (muang) and then villages (ban). Travel over the land is hard. In 2017, the country sent a team for the first time to the team events at the Southeast Asian Games. The Lao alphabet, which evolved sometime between the 13th and 14th centuries, was derived from the ancient Khmer script and is very similar to Thai script. [175] Lao citizens who have criticised the government have been subjected to enforced disappearances, arbitrary arrests and torture. [89], The European Union,[90] UNHCHR, and international groups have since spoken out about the forced repatriation. [75], Some Hmong groups fought as CIA-backed units on the royalist side in the Laotian Civil War. [98][99] Prominent civil society advocates, human rights defenders, political and religious dissidents, and Hmong refugees have disappeared at the hands of Lao military and security forces. [65] . Government policies are determined by the party through the eleven-member Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party and the 61-member Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. Vientiane: Laos' Capital City . [17][18], The word Laos was coined by the French, who united the three Lao kingdoms in French Indochina in 1893 and named the country as the plural of the dominant and most common ethnic group, the Lao people. Traveling to Laos and visiting Vientiane capital, you must not miss Wat Sisaket temple. "[81] Republicans called several Congressional hearings on alleged persecution of the Hmong in Laos in an apparent attempt to generate further support for their opposition to the Hmong's repatriation to Laos. The remainder, particularly in rural areas, speak ethnic minority languages. 1353 - Lan Xang (Million Elephants) Kingdom, founded in the 14th century by Fa Ngum. [43] As late as 1945, the French drew up an ambitious plan to move massive Vietnamese population to three key areas, i.e., the Vientiane Plain, Savannakhet region, and the Bolaven Plateau, which was only derailed by the Japanese invasion of Indochina. While some Hmong people returned to Laos voluntarily, with development assistance from UNHCR, allegations of forced repatriation surfaced. King Sisavang Vong of Luang Phrabang became ruler of a unified Laos, and Vientiane once again became the capital. and Yurnaidi, Z., 2020. Foreign enterprises must report on their performance annually and submit annual financial statements to MPI. Laos is a part of the Southeast Asian region. [63], Laos is divided into 17 provinces (khoueng) and one prefecture (kampheng nakhon), which includes the capital city Vientiane (Nakhon Louang Viangchan). The Lao subsequently established their own kingdom named the Lan Xang in 1354. [19] In English, the 's' is pronounced, and not silent. US Representative Steve Gunderson, for instance, told a Hmong gathering: "I do not enjoy standing up and saying to my government that you are not telling the truth, but if that is necessary to defend truth and justice, I will do that. [citation needed], Massive aerial bombardments against the PAVN/Pathet Lao forces were carried out by the United States to prevent the collapse of the Kingdom of Laos central government, and to deny the use of the Ho Chi Minh Trail to attack US forces in South Vietnam. [150] Languages like Khmu (Austroasiatic) and Hmong (Hmong-Mien) are spoken by minorities, particularly in the midland and highland areas. With one-party state status of Laos, the General Secretary (party leader) holds ultimate power and authority over state and government and serves as the supreme leader. The mountainous geography of Laos had impeded Laos's ground transportation development throughout the 20th century. The Laos government, through attorney Colin M. Thompson, filed the petition on Monday and also named Lao . Population 6.7 million. The land has a total area of 236,800 km (91,429 mi). Other Hmong fighters hid out in mountains in Xiangkhouang Province for many years, with a remnant emerging from the jungle in 2003. [127] Of the potential capacity of approximately 18,000 megawatts, around 8,000 megawatts have been committed for export to Thailand and Vietnam. The airport in Paske was completed in 2009 with one terminal for both international and domestic flights. [33], In 1637, when Sourigna Vongsa ascended the throne, Lan Xang further expanded its frontiers. [73] The officials were to participate in a ceremony to mark the liberation of the Plain of Jars from the former Royal Lao government forces. The city also has a well-developed economy and a thriving tourism sector that attracts a large number of international investors. [138] Two new lines connecting with Vietnam, namely the VientianeVng ng and SavannakhetLao Bao railways, are also under planning, in line to meet the Laotian government's vision of becoming a land-linked nation. Visiting Vientiane, Laos, elicits such a diversity of opinions from travelers, it's often hard . has been the most successful club with 8 titles, the highest number of championship wins. At the eve of the Vietnam War, the Secret War was beginning in Laos as political factions between communist Pathet Lao and the government occurred. [109], Laos and Vietnamese (SRV) troops were reported to have raped and killed four Christian Hmong women in Xiangkhouang Province in 2011, according to the US-based non-governmental public policy research organisation The Centre for Public Policy Analysis, which also said other Christian and independent Buddhist and animist believers were being persecuted. The rebellion failed, and Vientiane was ransacked. [122] Rice dominates agriculture, with about 80% of the arable land area used for growing rice. [71] In 2005 it attended the inaugural East Asia Summit. [68] Laos also maintained a "special relationship" with Vietnam and formalised a 1977 treaty of friendship and cooperation that created tensions with China. The Lao People's Democratic Republic (Laos) is a developing country ruled by a one-party, Communist government. [110][111], Human rights advocates including Vang Pobzeb, Kerry and Kay Danes, and others have also raised concerns about human rights violations, torture, the arrest and detention of political prisoners as well as the detention of foreign prisoners in Laos including at the infamous Phonthong Prison in Vientiane. Present-day Laos traces its historic and cultural identity to Lan Xang, which existed from the 13th century to the 18th century as one of the largest kingdoms in Southeast Asia. The close ties between Laos and Vietnam were formalised via a treaty signed in 1977, which has since provided direction for Lao foreign policy, and provides the basis for Vietnamese involvement at all levels of Lao political and economic life. Tuy nhin, cng ty ch giao dch c 216.678 c phiu theo phng thc tha thun do cha t k vng v gi. Vientiane prefecture, the capital and largest city, had about 683,000 residents in 2020. For example, Article 8 makes it clear that Laos is a multinational state and is committed to equality between ethnic groups. [112] Laos is an origin country for sexually trafficked persons. The city is the home of the massive gilded stupa, Pha That Luang, a national symbol of Laos. President Biden committed the United States to be the world's arsenal . The capital of Laos is Vientiane, which was founded 13th century. Only 4% of the country is arable land and a mere 0.3% used as permanent crop land,[120] the lowest percentage in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Lao People's Democratic Republic or Laos (), is a country in southeast Asia. The Pathet Lao began a war against the French colonial forces with the aid of the Vietnamese independence organisation, the Viet Minh. Asia. [95], Human rights violations remain a significant concern in Laos. Laos can be considered to consist of three geographical areas: north, central, and south. [47][46], The First Indochina War took place across French Indochina and eventually led to French defeat and the signing of a peace accord for Laos at the Geneva Conference of 1954. The first bullet train to serve the high-speed Laos-China railway sits in a rail station in the Lao capital Vientiane, Oct. 16, 2021. Energy Efficiency Retrofitting of Buildings Challenges and Methods", Diller, Anthony; Edmondson, Jerry; Luo, Yongxian (2004). Located on a curve of the Mekong River, Vientiane Capital has a recorded history that stretches back to around 1,000 AD. It is evident throughout the country, expressed in language, temples and the arts and literature. Laos is a part of the Southeast Asian region. Bounchao Pichit, "Laos Cinema," in David Hanan, ed., General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, "Results of Population and Housing Census 2015", "Lao People's Democratic Republic's Constitution of 1991 with Amendments through 2003", https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf, "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2022", "Lao People's Democratic Republic and the WTO", "China train project runs roughshod over Laos", "Laos approves Xayaburi 'mega' dam on Mekong", "Laos Securities Exchange to start trading", "10 Things You Need to Know Before Visiting Laos", "Anatomically modern human in Southeast Asia (Laos) by 46 ka", "Archaeological Investigations in northern Laos: New contributions to Southeast Asian prehistory", "History and Practice of Archaeology in Laos", Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2014). Zaisan Memorial,Ulan Bator,Mongolia. Laos locked down its capital and closed its international borders to most traffic Thursday after identifying a COVID-19 cluster connected to its bigger neighbor Thailand. There is limited external and internal telecommunication, but mobile phones have become widespread. Pakxe has also experienced growth based on cross-border trade with Thailand and Vietnam. Xinhua That Luang Festival celebrated in Vientiane, Laos Candlelight parade surrounding the That Luang Stupa in Lao capital Vientiane on the night of Nov. 11, 2019. . The indigenous Khmers are believed to have been largely displaced or killed during the 11th and 12th centuries, when the Lao people entered the region. [152], Sixty-six percent of Laotians were Theravada Buddhist, 1.5 percent Christian, 0.1 percent Muslim, 0.1 percent Jewish, and 32.3 percent were other or traditional (mostly practitioners of Satsana Phi) in 2010. Laos opened on May 2022 and it is nice to travel t. Paul Lvy, ''Histoire du Laos'', PUF, 1974. ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) Policy Brief Series, No 7. Department of Statistics, Ministry of Planning and Investment, 2009. [30] He made Theravada Buddhism the state religion, and Lan Xang prospered. Compared to the hectic, bustling capitals in other South . Thailand (invested US$4.489billion) and Vietnam (invested US$3.108billion) are the second and third largest investors respectively. More than half of the nation's population is ethnic Laothe principal lowland inhabitants, and the politically and culturally dominant people of Laos. When Fa Ngum was a baby, his grandfather, the reigning king, expelled Fa Ngum's father . [139]:3940, In 2004 the net primary enrollment rate was 84%. [59], In 1993 the Laos government set aside 21% of the nation's land area for habitat conservation preservation. [130] According to the Global Hunger Index (2018), Laos ranks as the 36th hungriest nation in the world out of the list of the 52 nations with the worst hunger situation(s). Recognised asylum seekers were given resettlement opportunities, while the remaining refugees were to be repatriated under guarantee of safety. According to independent non-profit/non-governmental organisations (NGOs) such as Amnesty International,[104] Human Rights Watch,[105] and Civil Rights Defenders,[106] along with the US State Department,[107] serious human rights violations such as arbitrary detentions, disappearances, free speech restrictions, prison abuses and other violations are an ongoing problem. The major roads connecting to urban centres, in particular Route 13, have been significantly upgraded in recent years. Gunderson, Steve (18 May 1996) "State Department Outlines Resettlement Guidelines for Hmong Refugees". [141] The authorities in Laos have recently developed an innovative regulatory framework for publicprivate partnership contracts signed with small enterprises, in parallel with more conventional regulation of state-owned water enterprises. More than a century later, the kingdom was replaced by the Kingdom of Vientiane in 1707. Vientiane is the largest city in Laos and functions as: Houses the Presidential Palace. The country encompasses a total area of 237,955 square km and had a . What is the Difference Between Democrats and Republicans. The city was destroyed, valuables and historical artifacts were looted, and the population fled. Vientiane suffered greatly during the conflict between the kingdom's army and Siamese forces in 1827. Some Vietnamese, Laotian Chinese[148] and Thai minorities remain, particularly in the towns, but many left after independence in the late 1940s, many of whom relocated either to Vietnam, Hong Kong, or to France. For example, Laotian music is dominated by its national musical instrument, the khaen, a type of bamboo mouth organ that has prehistoric origins. [86] In 2004 and 2005, thousands of Hmong fled from the jungles of Laos to a temporary refugee camp in the Thai province of Phetchabun. The city is Laos' capital and is located along the banks of the Mekong River. Life expectancy 65 years (men), 68 years (women) Currency kip . Under Vietnamese pressure, he rebelled against the Siamese in 1826. Address: 133 Chanthakhoummarn Road, Chanthabouly district. [183] Since the start of the league, Lao Army F.C. It consists of an irregularly round portion in the north that narrows into a peninsula-like region stretching to the southeast. [104], In October 1999, 30 young people were arrested for attempting to display posters calling for peaceful economic, political and social change in Laos. [19][20][21][22][23] In the Lao language, the country's name is Muang Lao () or Pathet Lao (), both of which literally mean 'Lao Country'. Vientiane Capital is the home to the most significant national monument in Laos: That Luang (Great Stupa), which is the symbol of Lao and an icon of Buddhism in Laos. Vientiane is the capital and largest city in Laos. Authorities in Laos have reported a significant Covid-19 outbreak near the notorious Kings Romans casino, whose Chinese owner is accused by the United States of trafficking people, wildlife and drugs. The nation's most important government buildings, ministries, departments and foreign embassies are located in Vientiane. [164] One of the first commercial feature-length films was Sabaidee Luang Prabang, made in 2008. The capital city has more of a small town feel than that of a capital. [54][55], The conflict between Hmong rebels and Laos continued in key areas of Laos, including in Saysaboune Closed Military Zone, Xaisamboune Closed Military Zone near Vientiane Province and Xiangkhouang Province. In 1990 only 8% of the rural population had access to improved sanitation. [143], The term "Laotian" does not necessarily refer to the Lao language, ethnic Lao people, language or customs. Other terms are Khmu, Khamu (Kammu) or Kha as the Lao Loum refer to them to indicate their Austroasiatic language affiliation. [76] As many as 200,000 Hmong went into exile in Thailand, with many ending up in the US. His reign is often regarded as Laos's golden age. Vientiane Capital, the capital city of Lao PDR, is a small, relaxed city, located in the central of Laos. [34], Chao Anouvong was installed as a vassal king of Vientiane by the Siamese. [48], Some 80million bombs failed to explode and remain scattered throughout the country, rendering vast swaths of land impossible to cultivate. However, villages far from major roads can be reached only through unpaved roads that may not be accessible year-round. [45] When Japan surrendered, some Lao nationalists (including Prince Phetsarath) declared Laotian independence, but by early-1946, French troops had reoccupied the country and conferred limited autonomy on Laos. Take more wonderful experiences in this Mystery . [47][52] Laos was requested in 1979 by Vietnam to end relations with the People's Republic of China, leading to isolation in trade by China, the United States, and other countries. [101] On 25 September 2009, Laos ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, nine years after signing the treaty. If you drive into town, you might not even realize when you're actually in the city proper, as Vientiane blends seamlessly with the countryside. [79], In 1993, Vue Mai, a former Hmong soldier and leader of the largest Hmong refugee camp in Thailand, who had been recruited by the USEmbassy in Bangkok to return to Laos as proof of the repatriation programme's success, disappeared in Vientiane. Of the almost $6 billion cost for the China-Laos railway, the Chinese government will pay 70 percent. [26] Archaeological evidence suggests an agriculturist society developed during the 4th millennium BC. In 1899, Vientiane became the capital of the French protectorate of Laos, which ensured further development in the city. All newspapers are published by the government, including two foreign language papers: the English-language daily Vientiane Times and the French-language weekly Le Rnovateur. Amnesty International raised concerns about the ratification record of the Lao government on human rights standards and its lack of co-operation with the UN human rights mechanisms and legislative measuresboth impact negatively upon human rights. 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